Osteoarthritis, Rheumatism, Joint pain, Symptoms of arthritis, Treatments for arthritis, Swelling, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Root Cause of Disease Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, formerly known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, is the most common type of arthritis in children under the age of 16. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis can cause persistent joint pain, swelling and stiffness. Some children may…